Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi terhadap Remaja Tentang Kesiapsiagaan Ketika Terjadi Bencana di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pantoloan

Elvaria Mantao — 2026-05-15

The Pantoloan Community Health Center (Puskesmas) in Palu City was severely affected by the 2018 earthquake and tsunami. The resulting damage to many health facilities limited access to vital reproductive health services. Furthermore, significant gaps persisted in adolescents' knowledge and understanding of how to maintain their reproductive health during emergency situations.This quantitative study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of reproductive health education in improving adolescent disaster preparedness. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using the Pretest-Posttest Group Design method. The target population consisted of all Middle Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) residing in the Pantoloan Community Health Center area, totaling approximately 561 individuals.Cluster Random Sampling was used as the sampling technique, with clusters established at each adolescent health post (Posyandu). The final sample size was 68 adolescents.Data analysis included univariate and bivariate methods. Statistical tests used were the independent sample t-test if data were normally distributed, and the Wilcoxon test if data were not normally distributed.The study results indicated a difference in the average adolescent knowledge, with an average increase of 1.93 following the provision of reproductive health education. Similarly, the average preparedness of adolescents showed a difference, with an average increase of 3.96 after the education.The statistical test results revealed that the $p$-value for both the knowledge and preparedness variables was 0.000. Based on these findings, it is concluded that reproductive health education is effective in increasing adolescent knowledge and preparedness for when disasters occur in the Pantoloan Community Health Center Working Area.

Polimorfisme Gen Angiotensin Converting Enzyme pada Hipertensi

Atika Indah Sari — 2026-05-15

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease with a significant contribution to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition to environmental factors, genetic aspects are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. One of the most extensively studied candidate genes is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, particularly the insertion/deletion (I/ccD) polymorphism in intron 16. This article aims to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the association between ACE gene polymorphism and the occurrence of hypertension. A literature search was conducted through various international scientific publications addressing the biological mechanisms of ACE, the distribution of I/D genotypes, and their association with hypertension risk across different populations. The review findings indicate that the deletion (D) allele is associated with increased plasma and tissue ACE activity, leading to elevated production of angiotensin II and enhanced degradation of bradykinin, thereby contributing to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. Several observational studies and meta-analyses report that the DD genotype or the presence of the D allele is associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension in various ethnic groups, although inconsistencies in results across populations have been observed. Differences in genetic background, environmental factors, and research methodologies are thought to influence these variations. Overall, ACE gene polymorphism, particularly the I/D variant, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and has the potential to serve as a basis for the development of genetic-based predictive and therapeutic approaches in the future.

Pengembangan Formula Enteral Rendah Lemak Berbasis Pangan Lokal (Labu Kuning dan Tepung Kedelai) sebagai Strategi Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Gizi Rumah Sakit

Munitya Anjalya Pertiwi — 2026-05-15

Low-fat enteral nutrition is an essential component of hospital nutritional support for patients with fat intolerance, hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders, and post operative conditions. Nevertheless, standard hospital formulas frequently present limitations in nutritional adequacy, physical properties particularly texture and sensory acceptability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of pumpkin flour and soybean flour on the nutritional composition, viscosity, flow rate, and sensory acceptability of a low-fat enteral nutrition formula. A quasi experimental study employing a post-test-only control group design was conducted by comparing a standard hospital formula (F0) with two modified formulations (F1 and F2). The study was performed from October to December 2025 at RSUD Gambiran Kediri and the Integrated Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang. Hedonic testing involved 20 nutrition students using a 4-point hedonic scale. Nutritional composition was calculated based on the Indonesian Food Composition Table. Sensory data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests, while flow rate was assessed using one-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that the modified formulations significantly increased energy and protein content compared with the standard formula while maintaining low fat levels. Formula F2 exhibited the most favorable physical characteristics, with a flow rate of 5.14 cc/s and a viscosity of 427.5 cP, and achieved the highest acceptance scores for taste and color (p < 0.05). All formulations complied with hospital food service budget standards. Therefore, F2 demonstrates strong potential as a nutritionally adequate and acceptable alternative low-fat enteral formula.

Manajemen Farmakologis Penyakit Hati Berlemak Non-Alkoholik (NAFLD) dalam Upaya Penurunan Prevalensi Penyakit Ginjal Kronis: Tinjauan Sistematis Perspektif Epidemiologi Terapan

Anak Agung Ngurah Oka Parama Wangsa — 2026-05-15

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem frequently associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity. This condition increases the risk of renal dysfunction and liver fibrosis progression, highlighting the need for comprehensive therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and fibrosis progression in patients with NAFLD and metabolic diseases. This study employed a brief systematic review approach by analyzing relevant national and international scientific articles. Literature selection was conducted systematically based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with improved or stabilized renal function, particularly in estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria parameters. Moreover, most studies reported improvements in non-invasive fibrosis indicators and reductions in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These benefits were closely related to better glycemic control and weight reduction in patients with metabolic comorbidities. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors show potential as an adjuvant therapy in managing NAFLD patients with metabolic diseases by providing combined renal and hepatic protective effects.

Determinants of CERDIK Behavior and Their Impact on Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients: A Community-Based Study in Badung, Bali

I Putu Agus Arsana — 2026-05-15

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with the most prevalence in the world. In Pelaga Village and Belok Village, 81,92% of the 100% target for hypertension patients undergo regular treatment. In relevance to actualize SDGs goal 3 (good health and well-being), the government program "CERDIK" is carried out as an effort to control and prevent hypertension to increase compliance with taking medication. This study aims to find out the most related component of the "CERDIK" behavior to medication adherence in hypertension patients In Pelaga Village and Belok Village, Badung Regency, Indonesia. This research is an analytical observational cross sectional study involving residents in Bedali Regency, who suffer from hypertension with a large sample of 130. The independent variables are regular health checks, getting rid of cigarette smoke, physical activity, balanced diet, adequate rest, and managing stress using the "CERDIK" behavior questionnaire. The medication adherence variable uses the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire. The data obtained were subjected to bivariate analysis using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression with the IBM SPSS v25 application. The results of bivariate analysis found a significant relationship on physical activity, balanced diet, sufficient resting, and stress management towards medication adherence (p-value 0,002; 0,023; <0,001; and 0,025). There was a simultaneous relationship between CERDIK and medication adherence in hypertensive patients, where physical activity and sufficient rest stated as the dominant variables.

Kebutuhan Lansia dalam Menghadapi Bencana: Studi Fenomenologi

Lucky Albertus Palenewen — 2026-05-15

Older adults are among the most vulnerable populations in disaster situations due to physical, psychological, social, and economic limitations that may exacerbate disaster impacts, including injury, psychological distress, and death. Disasters affect not only the physical safety of older adults but also their emotional and psychological well-being, highlighting the need for disaster management approaches that are sensitive and specialized. This study aimed to explore the needs of older adults in disaster situations. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight participants who were directly involved in the management and care of older adults during disasters. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi’s method. The findings revealed four main themes: (1) the need for age-friendly evacuation facilities and infrastructure; (2) limitations in human resources during the evacuation process; (3) the need for health and psychosocial support services, particularly for older adults with cognitive impairments; and (4) the need for institutional and policy support. These findings indicate that the needs of older adults in disaster contexts are multidimensional and interrelated. Therefore, inclusive and integrated disaster management strategies that are oriented toward the specific needs of older adults are essential to enhance their safety, preparedness, and overall well-being during disaster situations.

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Duplikasi Penomoran Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan Berdasarkan Aspek 5M di Puskesmas Bringin Kabupaten Semarang Tahun 2021

Sheren Hana Abriva — 2026-05-15

Based on preliminary studies conducted by the author at the Bringin Community Health Center, 35 duplicate outpatient medical records were found in 2020. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors causing the duplication of outpatient medical record numbers at the Bringin Community Health Center. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The sample in this study consisted of 4 medical record officers. The results of the study in February-March 2021 showed that there were two duplicate medical record numbers. The causes of duplicate medical record numbering were based on the 5M aspects (Man, Material, Method, Machine, Money). The man factor was related to the limited number of staff. The material factor was related to patients who did not bring their medical treatment identity card when visiting. The method factor indicates the lack of specific standard operating procedures regarding medical record numbering. The machine factor indicates that the system is still manual. The money factor indicates a lack of funds needed to add medical record staff. The recommendation to the Bringin Community Health Center is to create standard operating procedures for Medical Record Numbering and provide training for staff who are not medical record graduates.

Hubungan Jarak Tempuh Dengan Frekuensi Kunjungan Ke Puskesmas Bontonompo II Tahun 2025

Nurfalia Harfah — 2026-05-15

The Community Health Center (Puskesmas) serves as a primary healthcare facility that plays a vital role in providing essential health services to the community. However, the frequency of community visits to puskesmas remains varied, and one of the influencing factors is the distance between residence and the healthcare facility. This study aims to determine the relationship between travel distance and the frequency of visits to the puskesmas. This research employed a quantitative method with a correlational analytic design (cross-sectional study). The study was conducted at Bontonompo II involving 90 respondents selected through accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and distance observation. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis to describe respondents’ characteristics and bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rank test at a 0.05 significance level. Statistical test results show a significant relationship between distance traveled and the frequency of visits to community health centers (p < 0.001), with a negative relationship, meaning the longer the distance traveled, the lower the frequency of visits. In conclusion, distance traveled influences the level of utilization of health services at community health centers.

Kenaikan C-Reactive Protein pada Remaja Gangguan Bipolar: A Systematic Review

Ulil Albab Habibah — 2026-05-15

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in adolescents is often delayed due to reliance on subjective assessments, necessitating objective biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) to improve clinical accuracy. This systematic review aims to synthesize the latest findings on the role of CRP levels in adolescents with BD through analysis of various experimental studies. The systematic review was conducted in January 2026 through searches in Embase, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for studies from 2016 to 2025. Selection was performed according to PRISMA. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. A total of four experimental studies with a total of 3298 subjects met the criteria with low to moderate risk of bias. CRP levels in adolescents with Bipolar Disorder were found to be significantly elevated compared to the control group, especially during the symptomatic phase and periods of severe symptoms. CRP levels in adolescents with BD were found to be significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (p<0.001) and the anxiety disorder group, especially during the severe symptomatic phase. Additionally, high initial CRP levels significantly predicted longer recovery times (p=0.009). CRP is an effective state-dependent biomarker to support diagnostic accuracy, predict clinical course, and monitor the risk of cognitive decline in adolescents with BD.

Literasi Visual terkait Personal Hygiene dan Implikasinya terhadap Praktik Kebersihan Diri pada Masyarakat Pedesaan

Muhammad Ridha Afdhal — 2026-05-15

Sanitation and personal hygiene remain critical public health concerns in rural communities, particularly in relation to health literacy and the adoption of preventive behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding of personal hygiene symbols and its association with personal hygiene practices among residents of Desa Pabudunkang, South Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency. A quantitative survey design was employed involving 213 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate approaches to examine variable distribution and inter-variable relationships. The findings indicate that most respondents demonstrated good comprehension of personal hygiene symbols and consistently practiced hygiene behaviors in daily life. A significant association was identified between symbol comprehension and hygiene practices, suggesting that the ability to interpret visual health messages contributes to the adoption of clean and healthy behaviors. These results highlight the relevance of visual-based health promotion strategies in strengthening hygiene literacy and behavioral outcomes in rural settings. Integrating visual education with environmental support systems may enhance the sustainability of hygiene practices at the community level.

Usia, Paritas dan Pendidikan Ibu Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi IUD di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta

Sava Putri Antika Dewi — 2026-05-15

The Family Planning Program is a government effort to control population growth and improve family welfare. One of the recommended contraceptive methods is the Intrauterine Device (IUD) due to its high effectiveness and long-term nature. However, IUD use is still influenced by various factors, including age, parity, and maternal education level. This study aims to determine the relationship between age, parity, and maternal education with IUD contraceptive use at the Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Mergangsan in Yogyakarta Municipality. This study employed an analytical design with a case-control approach. The study population was all 470 active Family Planning Program participants in Puskesmas Mergangsan. A sample of 216 respondents consisting of 108 IUD users and 108 non-IUD users were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained from secondary data from family planning service records and statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square test for bivariate analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority of IUD users were in a non-risk age group (20–35 years) (69 respondents - 63.9%), had 1–3 children (98 respondents - 90.7%), and had secondary education (52 respondents - 48.1%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.009), and maternal education (p = 0.000) with IUD contraceptive use. The conclusion of this study is that age, parity, and maternal education are significantly related to IUD contraceptive use. Increased education and family planning counseling are needed to encourage more optimal IUD use.

Profesionalisme Tenaga Rekam Medis Ditinjau dari Beban Kerja dan Efisiensi Waktu di Puskesmas Cempae

Hidayat Asikin — 2026-05-15

Professionalism of medical record officers plays a strategic role in supporting the quality of primary health care services. Increasing administrative workload and the implementation of electronic medical records require not only formal qualifications but also effective time management and service quality. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between education level, training program, service quality, workload, and time efficiency with the professionalism of medical record administrative officers at Puskesmas Cempae. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in 2009 at the medical record administrative unit of Puskesmas Cempae and re-analyzed in 2024 to assess its relevance within the current primary health care policy context. A total of 19 officers were included using total sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The findings showed that education level (p = 0.003), service quality (p = 0.008), and time efficiency (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with professionalism, while training programs did not show a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.057). Professionalism of medical record officers is influenced by formal education, quality of service delivery, and effective time management. Strengthening continuous education and operationally relevant training is essential to improve professionalism in primary healthcare administration.

Determinan Kejadian Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) pada Mahasiswa Administrasi Kesehatan: Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior

Yasinta Indah Widyaningsih — 2026-05-15

Background: High health literacy among students often contradicts actual Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) management behavior, primarily due to intense academic pressure. This study aims to analyze the determinants of GERD management behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework among Health Administration students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2026 involving 318 students selected via consecutive sampling. Variables including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention were measured using validated Likert-scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the influence of each TPB construct. Results: This study found that the prevalence of GERD symptoms among students was 61.6%, indicating that more than half of the respondents experienced reflux symptoms. The TPB model significantly influenced management intention simultaneously (p=0.000; R2=0.542). Perceived behavioral control emerged as the most dominant determinant (p=0.000; β=0.421), followed by attitude (p=0.000; β=0.382) and subjective norms (p=0.012; β=0.114). Furthermore, a distinct behavioral gap was identified regarding sleep deprivation driven by academic assignments, which hindered effective symptom management. Conclusion: Perceived behavioral control is the primary driver of GERD management intention. Academic institutions are encouraged to re-evaluate workload distributions and foster a campus ecosystem that actively facilitates healthy lifestyle choices to bridge the gap between knowledge and behavior.

Analisis Komparatif Biaya Klaim Pasien Diabetes Melitus Berdasarkan Tingkat Keparahan: Studi Big Data Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional

Zulkifli Walangadi — 2026-05-15

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) poses a substantial financial burden on Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN), particularly for inpatient services at Advanced Referral Health Facilities (FKRTL). The INA-CBGs payment system classifies cases by severity level to determine BPJS Kesehatan reimbursement. This study aimed to examine differences in BPJS Kesehatan claim costs according to DM severity levels among hospitalized patients. A quantitative comparative design was applied using the 2025 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. A total of 58,101 inpatient DM claims were analyzed using total sampling. The independent variable was INA-CBGs severity level, and the dependent variable was total BPJS Kesehatan claim cost. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post-hoc Mann–Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction. The results indicated a consistent increase in length of stay and median claim costs with higher severity levels. Median claim costs were IDR 4,038,200 for mild cases, IDR 5,748,650 for moderate cases, and IDR 8,627,650 for severe cases. Differences in claim costs across severity levels were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DM severity level is significantly associated with BPJS Kesehatan claim costs, indicating that the INA-CBGs system adequately differentiates reimbursement based on case complexity.

Dukungan Psikososial Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Pemasungan ODGJ Pasca Pasung di Kabupaten Soppeng

Andi Nur Arifah Apriani Azis — 2026-05-15

Pasung (physical restraint) among people with mental disorders remains a public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in areas with limited access to mental health services and low family knowledge regarding the care of people with mental disorders. Families, as the closest social environment, play an important role in the recovery process and in preventing the recurrence of pasung after release from restraint. This study aimed to analyze the informal roles of families in providing psychosocial support to prevent pasung among people with mental disorders after release from restraint in Soppeng Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Informants consisted of family members who had relatives with mental disorders after pasung as general informants and health workers as key informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation and analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the informal roles of families in preventing pasung include acting as motivators, harmonizers, mediators, caregivers, connectors with health workers, and companions for people with mental disorders. These roles reflect family psychosocial support through meeting basic needs, providing emotional support, supervising medication, and facilitating access to health services. However, limited family knowledge and socio-cultural influences still affect treatment-seeking behavior. Strengthening family roles through mental health education and collaboration with health workers is therefore important to prevent pasung and support social rehabilitation in the community.

Evaluasi Strategis Kinerja SDM Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Islam Gorontalo dalam Mendukung Mutu Layanan Rumah Sakit : Pendekatan Human Resource Scorecard

Lilis Handayani — 2026-05-15

The Human Resource Scorecard is a performance measurement method that focuses on human resources, strategy, and performance. In HRSC, human resource performance is measured through four perspectives: competency, deliverables, high-performance work systems, and efficiency. Performance measurement can be applied to determine the extent of labor quality. The evaluation of performance at Gorontalo Islamic Hospital still found that officers are often late when they come to work. This study aims to determine the performance of medical record officers at Gorontalo Islamic Hospital using the Human Resource Scorecard method. This research is a quantitative study using a descriptive research design. The population in this study were all medical record officers at Gorontalo Islamic Hospital, totaling 30 medical record officers. The sample in this study was taken as a whole (total sampling) from the total population of 30 medical record officers. This study used a questionnaire, and the data was processed using SPSS. Based on the results of the research conducted, the average value of the High Performance Work System (HPWS) is good (70%). Human Resource Deliverable is good (83.3%), Human Resource Efficiency is good (73.3%), and Human Resource Competency has a good value (80%). So there needs to be attention to providing different compensation between high-performing employees and low-performing employees. This is to increase overall employee motivation and performance. Hospitals need to use the Human Resource Scorecard method to measure the performance of medical record officers more specifically and in detail.

Efektivitas Buku Saku terhadap Pengetahuan Pengelolaan Sampah Sisa Makanan Ibu Rumah Tangga

Hawa Eqyan Shifana — 2026-05-15

The management of food waste in Indonesia is a significant challenge, with food waste accounting for 39,17% of the total 36 million tons of annual waste in 2024. In Sukoharjo, food waste reaches 40.71%, far exceeding the national average, yet early surveys in Wirogunan Village showed only 12.5% of housewives had the initiative to manage it. This quantitative study with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design aims to analyze the increase in housewives' knowledge regarding food waste management through a pocketbook intervention. The population consisted of 1,617 housewives, with a sample of 55 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed a significant increase in the average knowledge score from 85.56 at pre-test to 98.40 at post-test. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant influence of the pocketbook intervention on knowledge levels. The pocketbook, which is validated and HKI-certified, proved to be an effective educational tool due to its practical design and clear visual content. These findings suggest that structured media interventions can effectively improve domestic waste management literacy to support regional environmental policies.

Analisis Determinan Demografi dan Sosial terhadap Preferensi Lokasi Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Remaja : Studi Data SKI 2023

Ricko Pratama Ridzkyanto — 2026-05-15

Adolescence is a critical period for shaping health behaviors, especially in terms of accessing preventive health care. The health service achievement for elementary school-aged students in East Java Province in 2023 was 100.9%, and in 2024, 99.2%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between demographic and social factors and the Selection of Health Check-up Locations for Adolescents in East Java Province. This study is quantitative, cross-sectional, and uses secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The study sample consisted of 35,344 adolescents aged 15-18 years. The independent variables in this study were age, gender, education, and occupation, while the dependent variable was the location of the health check-up. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using Logistic Regression. The results showed relationships between age (0.001), gender (0.001), and occupation (0.030) and the location of the health check-up, and no relationship between education (0.076) and the location of the health check-up. The most dominant variable influencing the location of health check-ups was occupation, with an OR of 1.371 (95% CI = 1.031–1.822). It is recommended that the timing of health check-ups be adjusted to adolescents' working hours.

Hubungan Dampak Media Sosial terhadap Kejadian Menarche Dini pada Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta

Pingky Citra Mahardika Ali — 2026-05-15

Early menarche is defined as the onset of first menstruation before the age of 12 years and is increasingly observed among adolescent girls. Early menarche may lead to various adverse physical and psychological health outcomes later in life. One factor suspected to contribute to the occurrence of early menarche is exposure to social media. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social media exposure and the occurrence of early menarche among adolescent girls. This study employed an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all eighth-grade female students at SMP Negeri (State Junior High School) 1 Yogyakarta, totaling 132 students, with a sample of 57 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test (Fisher’s Exact Test). The results of the Chi-square analysis yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05) and a Phi (φ) coefficient of 0.456, indicating a statistically significant relationship with a moderate level of association between the impact of social media and the occurrence of early menarche. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the impact of social media exposure and the incidence of early menarche among female adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta.

Pengaruh Edukasi Video terhadap Pengetahuan Manual Handling pada Buruh Angkut Gudang CV. Sinar Boga Lestari

Salsadila Adelia Saputri — 2026-05-15

Introduction: Improper Manual Material Handling (MMH) increases the risk of occupational accidents and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among warehouse loading workers. Therefore, effective educational efforts are needed to improve workers’ knowledge. This study aimed to determine the effect of video-based health education on manual handling knowledge among warehouse loading workers at CV. Sinar Boga Lestari. Methods: This study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design with a quantitative approach. The population and sample consisted of all 30 warehouse loading workers. Knowledge data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the Paired t-test. Results: The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 50.67 in the pretest to 84.00 in the posttest. The Paired t-test indicated that video-based health education had a significant effect on respondents’ manual handling knowledge (ρ = 0.000). Conclusion: Health education delivered through video media is effective in improving manual handling knowledge among warehouse loading workers at CV. Sinar Boga Lestari. Recommendations: The company is expected to implement video-based manual handling education as a routine program for workers.

Pengaruh Kualitas Catatan terhadap Keakuratan Kode Penyebab Kematian di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Jaya

Regy Permata Sari — 2026-05-15

The accuracy of cause-of-death coding is essential for health statistics and policy-making. Incomplete, inaccurate, and unclear documentation by physicians can lead to coding errors and reduce the validity of mortality data. This study aimed to analyze the effect of documentation quality on the accuracy of cause-of-death coding at Pertamina Jaya Hospital. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in January 2026. The sample consisted of 56 Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCD) from September–November 2024, selected using quota sampling. Data were collected through observation and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with logistic regression. The results showed that 14 MCCDs (25%) had accurate cause-of-death coding, while 42 MCCDs (75%) were inaccurate. Poor-quality documentation was found in 30 MCCDs (54%), while good-quality documentation was found in 26 MCCDs (46%). Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant effect of documentation quality on coding accuracy (p = 0.037). An odds ratio of 4.062 indicated that good-quality documentation had four times greater odds of producing accurate cause-of-death codes, explaining 12.1% of the variance in coding accuracy (R² = 0.121). The study concludes that standard operating procedures and training for physicians and coders are needed to improve accuracy and validity of mortality data.

Exploring Diabetes Wellbeing: A Panel Data Analysis of Physical Activity, Depressive Symptoms, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Korea

Djoko Priyono — 2026-05-15

Background: Negative health outcome is the result of both physical activity and depressive symptoms aggravating each other. The potential impact of the interaction between physical activity and depressive symptoms on health-related quality of life is not well understood. This study was conducted to investigate the association between physical activity, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life in diabetic patients in Korea. Methods: Data was collected from 1,472 participants with diabetes mellitus from the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) in 2020 after missing values were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and EQ -5D scores were obtained from the KHPS. To determine the association between physical activity, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life, linear regression analysis was performed after controlling for confounding variables. Results: Results showed that physical activity and depressive symptoms had a significant impact on health-related quality of life. After adjustment for gender, age, occupation, and alcohol consumption, physical activity and depressive symptoms remained strongly associated. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 0.74 higher with irregular physical activity than among those who took part in regular physical activity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity and depression symptoms are correlated with health-related quality of life. Physical activity intensity and depressive symptoms should be considered when developing programs to improve health-related quality of life.

Impact of Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and The Incidence of Preeclampsia: Systematic Literature Review

Astrid Kizy Primadani — 2026-05-15

The incidence of preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, where the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is suspected to be one of the significant risk factors but requires a comprehensive synthesis of evidence. This study aims to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI on the incidence of preeclampsia. The method used is a systematic literature review with article searches in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, and ScienceDirect databases published in the last 5 years. The review results show that out of the 11 analyzed articles, all studies reported a significant relationship between increased pre-pregnancy BMI and the incident risk of preeclampsia. Woman who are underweight before pregnancy have a lower risk of preeclampsia, while those who are overweight or obese have higher incidence of preeclampsia. Regardless of adjustments for confounding factors, this study present that a high pre-pregnancy BMI is an risk factor for the occurrence of preeclampsia, making weight management before pregnancy very important as an effective primary prevention strategy.

Pelaksanaan Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis PROLANIS pada Ibu Hamil Penyakit Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Bontomarannu Kabupaten Takalar

Suarni Suarni — 2026-05-15

Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been increasing all over the world as in Indonesia. This chronic disease needs a continous and comprehensive management including medical and non medical intervension. In Indonesia since 2010 PT. Askes as the national health insurance company has developed prolanis (Chronic disease management program), a program to improve quality of dibetes mellitus management by general practitioners by providing training and set a monitoring system for diabetes treatment. Prolanis is approach to decrease complication and achieve highest quality of life with cost effective and rational healthcare. This study aims to determine the executive personnel, facilities and infrastructure, and operational expenses on program implementation prolanis in patients with diabetes mellitus in Bontomarannu Health Center, as well as knowing prolanis implementation process and the number of patients with diabetes mellitus who regularly follow prolanis club. The results showed that the implementation of prolanis still unfavorable, marked by lack of awareness of participants for the event prolanis seen from the low number of participants in the implementation prolanis presence. Based on the research results, it is suggested to Bontomarannu Health Center in order to increase attendance prolanis and health promotion of the dm to participants and maximize the implementation of gymnastics and education as well as To the City Health Office of Medan in order to further improve supervision of the implementation of the relevant health centers prolanis.

Gambaran Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Semester 2 Keperawatan Yang Praktik Klinik di RS Santa Elisabeth Medan

Gryttha Tondang — 2026-05-15

Stress is a common condition experienced by nursing students during clinical practice. In the early stages of clinical practice, second-semester students generally experience anxiety, low self-confidence, and pressure from academic demands and the hospital environment. High levels of stress can impact learning motivation, practical skills, and even students' mental health. Stress is an emotional and physiological response when an individual feels an imbalance between the demands faced and their abilities. Every nursing student is susceptible to stress during clinical practice, influenced by several factors, such as a heavy academic load, interactions with patients and their families. This stress, if not managed properly, can result in decreased concentration, decreased academic performance, mental health disorders, and reduced quality of nursing services provided. The phenomenon of stress in nursing students does not only occur in Nursing students at the Santa Elisabeth Medan Health Sciences College. The research method used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was 139 second-semester students, all of whom were used as the research sample (total sample). The data collection instrument used the Perceived Stress Scale (SPSS-24) questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately and presented in the form of a frequency distribution. The results showed that the majority of students experienced moderate stress (97 people (69.8%), severe stress (36 people (25.9%), and low stress (6 people (4.3%). The conclusion of this study is that the majority of second-semester students experienced moderate stress, with a significant number experiencing severe stress.

Faktor-Faktor Penentu Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di Lingkungan Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Tafraka

Hairuidin La Patilaiya — 2026-05-15

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) plays an important role in improving public health at the household level, especially in areas with limited access to health services such as Tafraka Village, Pulau Hiri District, Ternate City. This study aims to describe the implementation of PHBS and identify factors associated with its practice. The study employed a descriptive analytical survey design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to 118 heads of households. Data analysis was conducted bivariately using the chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 89 respondents (75.4%) had implemented PHBS, while 29 respondents (24.6%) had not implemented it optimally. Variables such as gender, age, education, occupation, and knowledge were significantly associated with the implementation of PHBS (p < 0.05). Knowledge and sociodemographic factors contributed to variations in PHBS practices. These findings highlight the importance of health promotion efforts and continuous education tailored to community characteristics to improve the implementation of PHBS.

Pengaruh Media Video Senam Hipertensi terhadap Pengetahuan pada Lansia di Posyandu Lestari

Farlina Nur Islami — 2026-05-15

Hypertension is a global health issue that carries a risk of triggering fatal complications such as stroke and heart failure; older adults are particularly susceptible to it. In Indonesia, there are 63,309,620 people suffering from hypertension at the Lestari Community Health Centre, there are 1,143 eldery with hypertension. This vulnerability is generally triggered by the natural ageing process, which is often exacerbated by a lack of physical activity. The tendency of older adults to maintain a sedentary lifestyle is heavily influenced by their limited education and knowledge regarding the importance of hypertension exercises as a means of management. The elderly’s knowledge of performing hypertension exercises remains limited due to a lack of regular exercise habits. Therefore, innovative educational methods, such as hypertension exercise videos, are required to enhance the elderly’s knowledge in optimally controlling blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a video-based exercise programme for hypertension on knowledge among elderly at the Lestari Posyandu.. This study employed a single-group pre-post pre-experimental design. The sample comprised 46 elderly, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected via a questionnaire and subsequently analysed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicate a significant increase in knowledge levels following the intervention using the Hypertension Exercise video. Statistical analysis revealed an increase in knowledge (p-value = 0.000). The intervention using the Hypertension Exercise video was found to significantly improve the knowledge of older adults at the Lestari Posyandu.

Hubungan Riwayat Intervensi Gizi Spesifik Ibu Hamil dengan Stunting pada Balita di Puskesmas Banjarsari

Pertiwi Purwa Asri — 2026-05-15

Stunting continues to be a significant public health concern due to its impact on children’s physical growth and cognitive development. Various prevention strategies have been implemented, particularly through specific nutritional interventions during pregnancy. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the effectiveness of different types of these interventions at the primary health care level is still limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal exposure to specific nutritional interventions during pregnancy and the occurrence of stunting among children under five at Banjarsari Primary Health Center, Metro City. A case-control study design was applied involving 66 pendddents (22 cases and 44 controls) selected from a population of 609 children using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, structured checklists, height measurements using a stadiometer, and review of maternal and child health (MCH) records. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The findings indicated that supplementary feeding (p=0.008; OR=7.8), iron and folic acid supplementation (p=0.007; OR=5.7), iodine-related education (p=0.010), and deworming education (p=0.042; OR=4.6) were significantly associated with stunting. In contrast, caffeine-related education (p=0.701), nutrition counseling (p=0.210), and calcium supplementation (p=0.188) showed no significant association. In summary, nutritional interventions with direct biological effects appear to have a stronger influence on stunting prevention. From a policy perspective, prioritizing high-impact interventions, enhancing adherence through integrated monitoring, and strengthening behavior change strategies are recommended to improve maternal nutrition services and reduce stunting rates.

Keikutsertaan Kelas Ibu Hamil Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Menghadapi Persalinan di Puskesmas Pleret

Anna Talia Salsa Bella — 2026-05-15

Pregnancy is a significant phase in a woman's life, characterized by physiological and psychological transformations. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that almost 820 million pregnant women suffer from mental health issues, including anxiety. The Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that the incidence of anxiety among pregnant women is 43.4% during pregnancy and escalates to 48.7% before the childbirth. This significant figure indicates the necessity for promotional and preventive initiatives to enhance the mental preparedness of pregnant mothers. Possible interventions include participation in prenatal classes. This study aims to determine the relationship between participation in prenatal classes and maternal anxiety levels regarding childbirth at the Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Pleret. The research employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional methodology. The study population consisted of all pregnant women receiving prenatal examinations at the Puskesmas Pleret, with a sample of 32 respondents selected by total sampling technique. Data was collected through a prenatal class participation questionnaire and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) instrument. Bivariate analysis was conducted with the Spearman Rank test. The study's results indicated a significant relationship between participation in prenatal classes and anxiety levels among pregnant women in the third trimester, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.752, indicating a strong and unidirectional relationship. Participation in prenatal classes significantly contributes to reducing anxiety levels in pregnant women before childbirth.

Analisis Pengetahuan dan Sikap Sanitasi Wisatawan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika

Lalu Muhammad Aby Dujana — 2026-05-15

This study aims to analyze the level of sanitation knowledge and attitudes among tourists in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ). This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires distributed to 98 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The variables examined include sanitation knowledge and attitudes with four main indicators, namely the use of clean water, utilization of trash bins, toilet usage, and liquid waste management. The research instruments underwent validity and reliability tests to ensure data suitability. The research results indicate that tourists' sanitation knowledge is in the good category at 55%, while sanitation attitudes are in the good category at 58%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and sanitation attitudes among tourists in the Mandalika SEZ. Overall, the research results show that tourists in the Mandalika SEZ have fairly good sanitation knowledge and attitudes, but improvements are still needed in several aspects to support the creation of clean, healthy, and sustainable tourism.

Gambaran Kepuasan Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap E-Puskesmas dengan Metode PIECES di Puskesmas Waruroyom Tahun 2026

Yuniya Maghfiroh — 2026-05-15

Background: The Waruroyom Community Health Center has implemented the E-Puskesmas application as an information system to support recording, service data management, and health reporting. Initial observations revealed constraints such as network disruptions, suboptimal data input processes, and differences in users' ability to operate the system, which affected health workers' satisfaction. Methods: This research used a quantitative descriptive approach with a population of 47 health workers at Waruroyom Community Health Center, all of whom were included as samples (total sampling). Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire based on the six dimensions of the PIECES method. Results: All six PIECES dimensions fell within the satisfied category, with mean scores ranging from 3.83 to 4.10. The Information dimension obtained the highest mean (4.10), while the Performance dimension obtained the lowest mean (3.83). The highest satisfaction indicator across all dimensions was information accuracy (89.3%), while the lowest was the indicator of systems rarely experiencing errors (44.6%). Discussion: The strength of E-Puskesmas lies in its information quality, while technical stability remains a primary challenge. Conclusions: Health workers at Waruroyom Community Health Center are satisfied with E-Puskesmas in all six PIECES dimensions. Improvements are needed particularly in the Performance dimension, especially in minimizing system errors and strengthening technical support services.

Hubungan Frekuensi Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah dengan Status Gizi pada Guru dan Staff SMP Negeri 22 Surakarta

Nasywa Nadhifa Qonita Putri — 2026-05-15

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption and nutritional status among teachers and staff at SMP Negeri 22 Surakarta. This study was conducted in December 2025 using an analytical survey research design and cross-sectional method. The sample of this study consisted of 32 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data collected included information on gender, age, weight, height, vegetable and fruit consumption, and nutritional status of respondents. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate statistical tests, with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Pearson correlation and Spearman Rank according to the data distribution. The results showed that the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption did not have a significant relationship with nutritional status among teachers and staff at SMP Negeri 22 Surakarta, with a p-value of 0.153. This study contributes to understanding the factors that influence nutritional status in educational environments and encourages further research with a larger sample size and considering other variables such as physical activity and other nutritional intakes.

Determinan Tuberkulosis pada Balita di Indonesia (Analisis Data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia Tahun 2024)

Resa Triani — 2026-05-15

Tuberculosis (TB) was still a major public health challenge in Indonesia, a country that bore the second‑highest global burden of the disease. Cases among toddlers continued to be a significant public health concern because of their greater vulnerability to infection. The rising prevalence of pediatric TB, along with its complex risk factors, highlighted the need to identify the main determinants driving TB occurrence in this age group. The present study investigated factors associated with TB in toddlers across all 38 provinces of Indonesia. Data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) were used in the analysis, and survey weights were applied following official SSGI guidelines. A cross‑sectional design was adopted, and the sample consisted of 246,338 toddlers. The dependent variable was TB occurrence, whereas the independent variables included child age, nutritional status, stunting, BCG vaccination status, history of exposure to TB patients, low birth weight, employment status of both parents, and household density. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using simple logistic regression, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. Results from the bivariate analysis indicated that nutritional status, stunting, BCG vaccination, TB exposure history, and low birth weight were significantly associated with TB occurrence. In the multivariate model, a history of TB contact was identified as the most dominant determinant, yielding a prevalence odds ratio (POR) of 46.62 (95% CI: 37.13–58.54).

Hubungan Intensitas Pencahayaan dengan Kelelahan Mata Pekerja Produksi Premix dan Bagging Off PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia

Mohamad Khilmi — 2026-05-15

Inadequate workplace lighting can contribute to visual fatigue and reduce worker productivity in industrial settings. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between lighting intensity and subjective eye fatigue among workers in the premix and bagging off production areas of PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Plant Margomulyo. This study used a quantitative observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 30 workers, and total sampling was applied. Data were collected using the Visual Fatigue Index (VFI) questionnaire and secondary data on lighting intensity measurements. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the coefficient contingency test. The results showed that 90.0% of workers were exposed to lighting intensity below 200 lux, and 53.3% experienced eye fatigue. The analysis indicated a very weak association between lighting intensity and eye fatigue (r = 0.132). Similarly, age, length of work, and years of service also showed very weak relationships with eye fatigue. These findings suggest that although the association is weak, inadequate lighting conditions remain a potential risk factor for eye fatigue and should be addressed to improve occupational health.

Urgensi Edukasi Antibiotik: Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Praktik Swamedikasi di Puskesmas Makkasau

Imam Adrian Rakhman — 2026-05-15

Background: Antibiotics are essential medicines for treating bacterial infections; however, inappropriate use has become a major driver of the global rise in antibiotic resistance, leading to reduced treatment effectiveness, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality risk. In Indonesia, resistance to various classes of antibiotics, such as β-lactams and macrolides, has increased significantly in recent years. Prior studies indicate that public knowledge levels substantially contribute to irrational antibiotic use. Puskesmas, as primary healthcare facilities, play a strategic role in education and health promotion regarding prudent antibiotic use. Methods: This descriptive observational study employed a questionnaire to assess patients’ knowledge of antibiotic use at Puskesmas Makkasau. Respondents were selected through convenience sampling, and data were analyzed using frequency distributions to identify knowledge levels. Result: The findings show that most respondents exhibited inadequate knowledge and inappropriate attitudes toward antibiotic use. Conclusion: The majority of visitors to Puskesmas Makkasau had low levels of knowledge about antibiotic use, with persistent misconceptions, such as believing antibiotics cure viral infections; and common practices of sharing, storing, and using antibiotics without a physician’s prescription.

Transformasi Literasi Kesehatan Reproduksi melalui Model Pemberdayaan Peer Educator Berbasis Participatory Action Research (PAR) Di SMK Kesehatan

Nadilla Pratiwi — 2026-05-15

The low level of reproductive health literacy among adolescents and psychosocial barriers such as shame and taboos pose significant challenges to health education in school settings. This study aims to analyze the empowerment of female students as peer educators and its impact on reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and skills using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The research utilizes an design within a PAR framework. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 6 key informants, while quantitative data were collected from 40 students in grades X and XI at SMK Kesehatan Dharma Analitika Medan via and questionnaires. Quantitative analysis employed the and the with a 95% significance level. The results indicate a significant improvement in knowledge and skills (p = 0.000) and positive attitude changes (p = 0.000) following the intervention. Student involvement throughout the PAR cycles effectively reduced communication barriers and increased a sense of ownership toward the program. In conclusion, the PAR-based peer educator approach is effective in enhancing reproductive health competencies and empowering adolescents as agents of change. Integrating this model into the PIK-R program is recommended to support the sustainability of health education in schools.

Analisis Ekologi Faktor Risiko Gizi Buruk pada Balita di Tingkat Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

Desie Rahmawati — 2026-05-15

Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Indonesia because it impacts growth and development, and increases the risk of child morbidity and mortality. The causes of malnutrition are multifactorial, including direct and indirect factors. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers in South Kalimantan Province. This study is a secondary data analysis using data sources from the 2023 South Kalimantan Provincial Health Profile, with 13 districts/cities as analysis units. The dependent variable is the percentage of malnutrition in toddlers, while the independent variables include the percentage of low birth weight (LBW), exclusive breastfeeding, and pneumonia. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the enter and backward methods. The results showed that only the variable of exclusive breastfeeding had a significant effect on the incidence of malnutrition (p <0.05), with a negative coefficient indicating that increasing the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of malnutrition. Meanwhile, the variables of low birth weight (LBW) and pneumonia did not show a significant effect. The conclusion of this study is that exclusive breastfeeding is a factor that can reduce the risk of malnutrition in toddlers, so mothers are advised to exclusively breastfeed without additional food or drink until the baby is six months old to ensure optimal nutritional needs are met.

Validitas Reliabilitas Kuesioner BCTQ Indonesia pada Dokter Gigi CTS: Studi Cross-Sectional Samarinda

Wahyuni Dwi Cahya — 2026-05-15

The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a leading instrument for assessing symptom severity and functional status in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), yet evidence of its validity among dentists in Indonesia remains limited. This cross-sectional study involved 55 dentists with confirmed CTS (positive Phalen and Tinel tests) in Samarinda who self-administered the Indonesian version of the BCTQ (11-item Symptom Severity Scale and 8-item Functional Status Scale). Construct validity was tested using Pearson correlation and internal reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Subjects comprised 44 females (80.0%) and 11 males (20.0%) with a mean age of 44.7 years. All 11 Symptom Severity Scale items had correlation coefficients of 0.486–0.789 (p<0.01) and the 8 Functional Status Scale items 0.492–0.827 (p<0.01), all exceeding the critical r table value (0.266). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.884 for the Symptom Severity Scale and 0.870 for the Functional Status Scale, both classified as excellent. Therefore, the Indonesian version of the BCTQ is valid and reliable for use among dentists with CTS and is recommended as a screening and treatment outcome evaluation tool in this high-risk population.

Distribusi Spasial Tuberkulosis Paru Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2023

Windiana Nabil Qanitah — 2026-05-15

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Southeast Asia has the highest prevalence of pulmonary TB globally (45.6%), with Indonesia ranking second worldwide (9.2%). West Java Province accounts for the largest share of cases in Indonesia, representing 23% of the national total. According to the 2023 Global TB Report, the estimated number of TB cases in Indonesia reached 1,090,000, or 387 per 100,000 population. This study aims to map and describe the spatial distribution of pulmonary TB prevalence as well as risk factors, including nutritional status, smoking habits, and household contact in West Java Province using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The study design employed a quantitative analytical approach using a cross-sectional ecological method, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) across 27 districts/cities in West Java Province. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS for mapping. The results showed that the distribution of pulmonary TB was dominated by the low category (<0.3%) in 14 areas, the moderate category (0.4–0.7%) in 11 areas, and the high category (>0.8%) in 2 areas. The risk factors of malnutrition and smoking were dominated by the moderate category, while household contact was dominated by the low category. The distribution patterns of risk factors do not always align with the distribution of pulmonary TB, indicating the presence of multidimensional influences. This mapping provides a foundation of information for more targeted pulmonary TB control interventions.