CORRECTION AND RETRACTION

Summary of Actions

Action	When it is used	What readers see
Correction	The article is substantially reliable, and it contains an error that can be repaired.	A dated correction notice that is linked to the original article.
Expression of concern	There is a serious concern, and the investigation has not been completed.	A dated notice that is linked to the article.
Retraction	The article can no longer be relied on, for example because of a serious error or serious misconduct.	A dated retraction notice, and a clear warning about the status of the article.

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Part A. Corrections

A1. When a correction is appropriate

No.	Errors that can be corrected
1	Data, tables, figures, or supplementary files, including questionnaires, codebooks, interview guides, and other instruments.
2	Wrong names or affiliations of authors.
3	Funding, competing interest, or acknowledgment statements that are missing or incorrect.
4	Errors in references or in the attribution of sources.

• A correction cannot be used to hide findings that are fundamentally unreliable.
• When a change would significantly alter the conclusions of the article, the journal first decides whether a correction is enough, or whether a different action is needed.
• Changes to the list of authors follow the policy on Authorship and Contributorship.

A2. Requesting and assessing a correction

• Authors and readers can request a correction by email to jurnal.mukasi@gmail.com.
• The request should give the DOI or the link of the article, the passage that is affected, the change that is proposed, and the reason for it.
• Authors who find a significant error in their own published work should inform the journal promptly.

Step	Procedure
1	The responsible editor assesses the effect of the error.
2	The editor may ask the authors to respond, or may obtain independent advice.
3	When the request raises a wider concern about integrity, the case is handled under the Allegations of Misconduct policy.
4	The journal seeks the agreement of the authors, but it may make a necessary correction without it.

A3. Correction notice

• The notice identifies the article, describes the error and how it was repaired, and explains any effect on the interpretation of the article. It may be called a corrigendum or an erratum.
• The notice is dated, is clearly labeled as a correction, is freely accessible, and is linked to the original article.
• Substantive changes are always disclosed, and they are never made silently.
• Minor typographical or technical repairs may instead be recorded as a version note or as an administrative update.
• When an author asks to change a name, the journal protects the privacy of the author and avoids unnecessary personal details in the notice.

A4. Implementation

• When the file of the article changes, the corrected version is published together with the correction notice.
• The change is recorded, so that readers can see what was changed and when.
• The DOI and the link of the article stay the same.
• Where it is needed, the journal updates the metadata of the article and informs the indexing services.

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Part B. Retractions

B1. Grounds for consideration

A retraction may be considered in the situations below.

No.	Ground
1	The findings are unreliable because of a major error, fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate analysis.
2	The article contains substantial plagiarism, or it is a redundant publication that was not disclosed.
3	There is a serious problem with the right of the authors to publish the work.
4	There was a serious ethical failure, for example research without the permission or the consent of participants that is required.
5	The assessment process of the article was compromised.
6	A major competing interest was not disclosed.

An honest error can also justify a retraction when it undermines the findings. Proof of an intent to mislead is not always required.

B2. Safeguards for the decision

• An authorized editor who has no conflict of interest decides on a retraction, and the publisher carries out the decision.
• The evidence and the responses of the authors are reviewed under the Allegations of Misconduct policy.
• Allegations without support, authorship disputes alone, and problems that a correction can repair do not normally justify a retraction.
• Authors normally have a chance to respond, but their agreement is not required.
• The protection of readers is not delayed indefinitely.

B3. Retraction notice

A retraction notice must meet the requirements below.

• Identify the article and its DOI or link.
• Name the party that issued the retraction.
• Give the reasons, based on evidence.
• Separate what has been established from what remains unresolved.
• Use factual and proportionate wording, and not blame a whole group without evidence.
• Be dated, be freely accessible, be labeled as a retraction, and be linked permanently to the article.

B4. Handling of the published record

Situation	What the journal does
Normal case	The retracted article stays available, with a clear warning about its status and a link to the retraction notice. It is not deleted.
Exceptional removal	The full text may be removed for legal reasons, or when there is a serious risk to the privacy or safety of participants, such as informants, minors, or users of social media. A notice stays in place to explain the removal.
Rights of readers	A retraction does not withdraw the license rights that were already granted, as stated on the Licensing page.

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Part C. Expressions of Concern

• An expression of concern is issued when a serious concern exists and the investigation has not been completed, or when the evidence points to a serious problem but is not yet conclusive.
• The notice is dated, is freely accessible, and is linked to the article.
• When the matter is resolved, the notice is replaced, or it is followed by a correction, by a retraction, or by a statement that the concern has been resolved.
• The handling follows the Allegations of Misconduct policy.

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Enquiries and Related Policies

Corrections and retractions	jurnal.mukasi@gmail.com | jurnal@yp3a.org
Ethics and integrity	Publication Ethics, Plagiarism Policy, Conflicts of Interest
Concerns about misconduct	Allegations of Misconduct
Authors and fees	Authorship and Contributorship and Author Fees
Rights and comments	Licensing and Post Publication Discussion

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