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AUTHORSHIP AND CONTRIBUTORSHIP
Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis expects the list of authors to reflect a substantial scholarly contribution and a shared responsibility for the published work. This page explains who may be listed as an author, how the contribution of each author is described, and how changes to the author list are handled. It applies to empirical research, theoretical and conceptual articles, literature reviews, and other scholarly work submitted to the journal.
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4
criteria that every author must meet
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14
CRediT roles to describe contributions
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4
unacceptable authorship practices
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1
corresponding author for the journal
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1. Eligibility for Authorship
A person may be listed as an author only if he or she meets all four of the criteria below.
| No. | Criterion |
|---|---|
| 1 | A substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, to the collection of data or materials, or to the analysis or interpretation of the data. |
| 2 | Drafting the manuscript, or revising it critically for important intellectual content. |
| 3 | Approving the final version that is submitted, and any later substantive revision. |
| 4 | Accepting accountability for the work, and cooperating when questions arise about its accuracy or integrity. |
Everyone who contributed substantively to the study should be given a fair opportunity to take part in developing the manuscript, reviewing it, and approving it.
Articles based on a thesis, a dissertation, or a project. Supervisors, heads of study programs, deans, company directors, managers, business owners, and other supporters may be listed as authors only if they meet all four criteria above. Position, seniority, or the provision of access to an organization or to data does not qualify a person as an author. A person who does not meet all four criteria is named in the Acknowledgements instead.
Manuscripts with one author follow the same rules as manuscripts with several authors.
2. Author Contribution Statement
Every manuscript must be accompanied by a statement that names each author and describes what that author actually contributed. All authors must review and accept the statement. It may be written as a short narrative, or it may use the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) roles listed below. A role may be shared by several authors, and one author may hold several roles. A statement is also required for a manuscript with one author.
How to provide the statement. The article template has no separate section for the contribution statement. Please send it with the submission, for example in the Comments for the Editor field of the submission form, or when the editorial team asks for it during the review process.
Listing a contribution does not by itself establish that a person is eligible for authorship. Eligibility is decided by the criteria in section 1.
| Role | What the role covers |
|---|---|
| Conceptualization | Developing the research idea, the problem, and the overall aims of the study. |
| Methodology | Designing the research approach, the model, the instruments, and the procedures. |
| Software | Programming, developing, or implementing software and code, including scripts for analysis. |
| Validation | Verifying that the results and the other outputs can be replicated or reproduced. |
| Formal analysis | Applying statistical, mathematical, or other analytical techniques to the data. |
| Investigation | Carrying out the study, including the collection of data or evidence through surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments. |
| Resources | Providing materials, instruments, participants, access to organizations, or other resources for the study. |
| Data curation | Managing, cleaning, annotating, and maintaining the data so that it can be used and reused. |
| Writing: original draft | Preparing the first version of the manuscript. |
| Writing: review and editing | Reviewing, commenting on, and revising the manuscript critically. |
| Visualization | Preparing the figures, the tables, and other displays of the data. |
| Supervision | Overseeing the planning and the execution of the research and leading the research team. |
| Project administration | Managing and coordinating the research activity. |
| Funding acquisition | Obtaining the financial support for the project. |
Example of a contribution statement
Using CRediT roles. First Author: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing: original draft. Second Author: Investigation, Data curation, Visualization. Third Author: Supervision, Writing: review and editing. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
As a narrative. First Author designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft. Second Author collected and organized the survey data and prepared the tables and figures. Third Author supervised the research and revised the manuscript critically. All authors approved the final version and accept responsibility for the work.
The example is given only to show the format. A statement must describe the real contributions of the authors of the manuscript, and it must not be copied as a declaration that does not match the facts.
3. Author Approval, Order, and Metadata
| Topic | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Agreement of all authors | All authors must agree to the submission of the manuscript, to the list and the order of the authors, to the contribution statement, to the choice of the corresponding author, and to any substantive revision. |
| Order of authors | The authors decide the order together, on the basis of their contributions and the norms of their field. The position of a name does not by itself show how large the contribution was. |
| Equal contribution | A statement that authors contributed equally is allowed if it is accurate and all authors have agreed to it. |
| Submission metadata | The name, the affiliation, and the email address of every author must be entered in the submission system. They must match the names, the order, the affiliations, and the email addresses shown in the title block of the manuscript (see section 3 of the Author Guidelines). |
4. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author
The corresponding author is the main contact between the authors and the journal. This role does not give the corresponding author sole ownership of the work, and it does not allow him or her to override the approval of the other authors. In the manuscript, the corresponding author is marked with an asterisk (*) in the author line and before the email address, as shown in the template.
| No. | Duty |
|---|---|
| 1 | Confirm that all eligible authors are included in the list and that every one of them has approved the manuscript. |
| 2 | Coordinate the author information, the contribution statement, and the declarations that the journal requires. |
| 3 | Receive the editorial correspondence, share it with the coauthors, and coordinate the responses that the authors have agreed on. |
| 4 | Keep a working email address, and respond to the editors and to readers before and after publication. |
5. Contributors Who Are Not Authors and Acknowledgements
Persons and organizations that contributed to the study but do not meet the criteria in section 1 are named in the Acknowledgements. This optional section is placed before the References and is not numbered, as in the template. The role of each person is stated, and each person must agree to be named.
| Contribution that alone does not qualify for authorship | Where it is recognized |
|---|---|
| Obtaining funding for the study | In the Acknowledgements, with the role described. A person in any of these roles may be an author only if he or she also meets all the criteria in section 1. |
| General supervision of a research group, or institutional or company leadership | |
| Providing facilities, or access to an organization, a company, or its data | |
| Routine technical work, such as distributing questionnaires or entering data | |
| Translation | |
| Proofreading and language editing | |
| Administrative support |
- Professional writing or editing assistance must be acknowledged, together with the source of funding for that assistance.
- Funders and the providers of facilities are also named in the Acknowledgements.
- An acknowledgement does not replace the disclosure of competing interests. See the Conflicts of Interest page.
6. Unacceptable Authorship Practices
The journal does not accept the following practices.
| Practice | Description |
|---|---|
| Gift or honorary authorship | Listing a person because of status, seniority, position, or a favor, for example adding a supervisor, a dean, a department head, or a company director only because of his or her position. |
| Guest authorship | Adding a prominent name to the author list in order to give the manuscript more credibility. |
| Ghost authorship | Leaving out a person who is eligible for authorship, or hiding the fact that someone made a substantial contribution, for example a research assistant or an analyst who carried out the analysis, or a person who wrote the manuscript. |
| Authorship trading or coercion | Buying, selling, or exchanging a place in the author list, or demanding authorship in return for access, facilities, data, a grade, or a favor. |
AI systems cannot be authors. They cannot approve a manuscript, and they cannot accept accountability for it. The use of generative AI is governed by the Generative AI Policies of the journal.
7. Changes to Authorship
A request to add an author, to remove an author, to change the order of the authors, or to change the corresponding author is sent to the editorial office at jurnal.manabis@gmail.com. The request must contain the following.
| No. | Required information |
|---|---|
| 1 | The title of the manuscript and its submission ID. |
| 2 | The proposed change and the reason for it. |
| 3 | An updated contribution statement, if the change affects it. |
| 4 | The written agreement of every author who is affected, including any author who is added or removed. |
| Situation | How it is handled |
|---|---|
| Review of the request | Requests are assessed by the editors and are not approved automatically. Processing of the manuscript may be paused while the editors ask for clarification. |
| After acceptance | Requests that are made after the manuscript has been accepted receive closer scrutiny. |
| Approved changes | The editorial office applies the approved change to the author information of the submission. |
| After publication | Changes follow the Correction and Retraction policy. |
| An author who cannot be reached | If an author cannot be reached, for example because of death or incapacity, the remaining authors must explain the situation so that the editors can assess it. Approval must not be assumed. |
8. Authorship Disagreements
- Authors should resolve any disagreement about contributions or about the order of authors among themselves before the manuscript is submitted.
- The journal may ask the authors for explanations, but it does not decide between competing claims.
- A dispute that remains unresolved may be referred to the institution of the authors or to another competent body, and editorial processing may be paused in the meantime.
- Concerns that amount to possible misconduct are handled under the Allegations of Misconduct policy, and action on a published article follows the Correction and Retraction policy.
Related Instructions and Enquiries
Questions about authorship, and requests to change the author list, should be sent to jurnal.manabis@gmail.com. Please include the title of the manuscript and, if there is one, the submission ID.
