CORRECTION AND RETRACTION

Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis distinguishes between corrections and retractions. A correction repairs an article that remains substantially reliable. A retraction warns readers that a publication can no longer be relied on. While a serious issue is being examined, the journal may also publish an expression of concern. A request by authors to remove a published article is assessed under this policy and is not granted automatically.

Summary of actions
Action When it is used What readers see
Correction The article is substantially reliable, but it contains an error that should be repaired. A dated correction notice that is linked to the original article.
Expression of concern There is a serious concern, and the investigation has not been resolved. A dated notice that is linked to the article.
Retraction The article can no longer be relied on, because of a serious error or because of misconduct. A dated retraction notice, and a clear warning about the status of the article.

Part A. Corrections

A1. When a correction is appropriate

Errors that can be corrected
Errors in data, tables, figures, or supplementary files, such as questionnaires, scales, other measurement instruments, and datasets.
Wrong names or affiliations of authors.
Missing or wrong funding statements, competing interest statements, or acknowledgements.
Errors in references or in the attribution of sources.

A correction cannot be used to conceal findings that are fundamentally unreliable. If the correction would significantly change the conclusions, the journal first considers whether a correction is enough.

Changes to the list of authors follow the Authorship and Contributorship policy.

A2. Requesting and assessing a correction

A request for a correction is sent by email to jurnal.manabis@gmail.com. Authors who find a significant error in their own published work should notify the journal promptly.

No. A request should include
1 The DOI of the article.
2 The passage that is affected.
3 The proposed change.
4 The reason for the change.
  • The responsible editor assesses the error and may ask the authors to respond or may seek independent advice.
  • Wider concerns about integrity are handled under the Allegations of Misconduct policy.
  • The journal seeks the agreement of the authors, but it may publish a necessary correction without it.

A3. The correction notice

  • The notice identifies the article, describes the error and the repair, and explains any effect that the error has on the interpretation of the article. It may be called a corrigendum or an erratum.
  • The notice is dated, clearly labeled as a correction, freely accessible, and linked to the original article.
  • Substantive changes are always disclosed and are never made silently.
  • Minor typographical or technical fixes may be recorded as a version note or as an administrative update.
  • When a name is changed, the journal protects the privacy of the author and avoids unnecessary personal details.

A4. Implementation

Corrected file When the file of the article changes, the corrected version is published together with the notice, and the change is recorded so that readers can see what was changed and when.
DOI The DOI of the article stays the same.
Metadata and indexing The metadata are updated where it is needed, and the indexing services are informed.

Part B. Retractions

B1. Grounds for considering a retraction

No. Ground
1 The findings are unreliable because of a major error, fabrication, falsification, or an inappropriate analysis.
2 Substantial plagiarism, or redundant publication that was not disclosed.
3 A serious problem with the right of the authors to publish the work.
4 A serious ethical failure, for example research that was carried out without the required permission or without the consent of participants.
5 An assessment process that was compromised.
6 A major competing interest that was not disclosed.

An honest error can justify a retraction if it undermines the findings. Proof that the authors intended to mislead is not always required.

B2. Safeguards in the decision

Who decides An authorized editor who has no conflict of interest makes the decision, and the publisher carries it out.
Evidence The evidence and the responses of the authors are reviewed under the Allegations of Misconduct policy.
Not normally grounds for retraction Allegations that are not supported by evidence, a dispute about authorship on its own, and problems that can be repaired by a correction.
Response of the authors The authors are normally given the opportunity to respond. Their agreement is not required, and the protection of readers will not be delayed indefinitely.

B3. The retraction notice

  • The notice identifies the article and its DOI, names the party that issues the retraction, and gives the reasons for it on the basis of evidence.
  • The notice separates facts that are established from matters that have not been resolved.
  • The wording is factual and proportionate, and it does not blame a whole group of people without evidence.
  • The notice is dated, freely accessible, clearly labeled as a retraction, and permanently linked to the article.

B4. The published record

  • A retracted article normally remains available, with a clear warning about its status and a link to the retraction notice. It is not deleted.
  • The full text may be removed only for legal reasons or when there is a serious risk to the privacy or the safety of participants, such as respondents, employees, customers, or minors. In that case, a notice still explains the removal.
  • A retraction does not revoke the rights that readers have under the Licensing terms of the journal.

Part C. Expressions of Concern

  • An expression of concern is issued when there is a serious concern and the investigation has not been resolved, or when the evidence points to a serious problem that is not yet conclusive.
  • The notice is dated, freely accessible, and linked to the article.
  • When the matter is resolved, the expression of concern is replaced or followed by a correction, by a retraction, or by a statement that the concern has been resolved.
  • Expressions of concern are handled under the Allegations of Misconduct policy.

Enquiries and Related Policies

Questions about corrections and retractions should be sent to the editorial office at jurnal.manabis@gmail.com.